PCC BELOW FOOTING

Building Construction Ideas - Topic 5

( Welcome to the FIFTH article. For more, please visit the links at bottom of the page. )

After completing Boulder Soling of required depth in footing, PCC Should be done over it.

PCC stand for Plain Cement Concrete. It is called plain because there is no reinforcement involved in it. The height of the PCC in foundation ranges from 10-15 cm and it is done of exact size (L*B) of footing. 

Fig 1: PCC in foundation ( Rebar as column centre) 

Here are the process of doing PCC in foundation:

Preparation of Surface

1) Check the line and level of the boulder soling in all the footings ( check level by the help of auto level) . If there is +- 2 cm in level difference, you can proceed for PCC.

2) Give a required level in all the foundation with the help of auto level or give it in one foundation and transfer the level in other foundation with the help of level pipe.

3) Prepare the formwork of required size and place it on the boulder soling. Formwork is not mandatory for the PCC but it is advised for good finish. Boulder soling of extra 5cm on all faces is advised for perfect placement of formwork.

4) Once the line and level is fixed, the surface should be cleaned by water. The mud attached with stones should be washed completely for the placement of concrete. 

Concreting

1) Generally, the ratio of concrete used for PCC is 1:3:6 ( M10).

2) 1 bag of cement is used for preparing 1 batch concrete and aggregate shall be measured by volume in a gauge box of correct and approved size based on the weight of the material or by other approved accurate means i.e. 3 box of sand and 6 box of aggregate.

Fig 2: Wheelbarrow

3) Water Cement Ratio for M10 concrete is taken approximately 0.70 i.e. 34-36 Ltr of water is required for 1 batch of concrete.

4) The cement and aggregates shall be thoroughly mixed together until the mix is uniform in the specified proportions by volume in a batch type mechanical mixer. 

5) Concrete shall be transported with the help of wheelbarrow (gada).

BOULDER SOLING IN FOUNDATION

Building Construction Ideas - Topic 4

( Welcome to the fourth article. For more, please visit the links at bottom of the page. )

Once the Earthwork Excavation work is completed for footing, next immediate permanent work to be done is Boulder (stone) Soling.

Fig 4.1: Boulder Soling for Isolated Footing

But before this the bed on which boulder soling is to be laid shall be cleared of all loose materials, levelled,watered and compacted and got approved by the Engineer before laying boulder soling. All soft places in the sub-grade(soil) should be excavated and filled with compaction. 

Over the prepared surface, the stone should be set as closely as possible and well packed and firmly set. The rubble stone should be of best variety of black trap/granite/basalt or other approved variety of stone. The stone should be hard, durable, free from defects and weathering and of required size. The size of the rubble stone shall not be less than the soling thickness. The stones should be of full height and should be laid so as to have their bases of the largest area resting on the sub-grade. Soling should be laid in one layer of specified thickness of soling with a tolerance of 25 mm. After packing the stones properly in position, the gaps between them should be carefully filled with quarry spoils or stone chips of larger size possible to obtain a hard, compact surface. Spreading of loose spoils or stone chips should not be done. After soling, the finished surface should be in required line & level and the surface should look neat finish.

Fig 4.2: Boulder Soling for Combined Footing

Thanks for reading this article. For the complete idea of building construction please see other articles of this series.. )

HERE 

EARTHWORK EXCAVATION

Building Construction Ideas - Topic 3
( Welcome to the third article. For more, please visit the links at bottom of the page. )

After proper setting out is done as per previous article (setting out) we start the earthwork excavation work.

Earthwork excavation shall include removal of all materials, of whatever nature and whether wet or dry, necessary for the construction of foundation and substructure exactly in accordance with the lines, levels, grades and curves as shown on the drawing or as directed. It shall be taken to the exact width of the lowest step of the foundation and its sides shall be left plumb where the nature of the soil admits it. If necessary, depending on the nature of the soil, it could be cut in slope up to 1 in 6 (1 horizontal to 6 vertical).  Any caving in of earth should be cleared and re-excavated.

Excavated material should be handled to allow suitable material to be recovered and placed in the embankment. Suitable materials shall be deposited within the designated areas of the work as shown in the plans or as directed by the Engineer. If at the time of excavation, it is not possible to place any suitable material in its proper section of the permanent construction, it shall be stockpiled in approved areas for later use. The excavation shall not be carried out below the level of the existing adjacent foundations.If it is necessary for some reason to excavate below the adjacent foundations, these foundations shall be underpinned and shored.

LAYOUT (SETTING OUT) OF BUILDING

Building Construction Ideas- Topic 2

( Welcome to the second article. For more, please visit the links at bottom of this article. ) 

After clearing the site as mentioned in previous article (site clearance) centre lines should be fixed and install substantial reference marks, benchmarks etc. and maintain them as long as required true to line, curve, slopes and level. Engineers should give proper alignment, elevation and dimension of each and all parts of the work.

Basic Process of Layout

Step 1: Find a centre point of a corner or centre of column by the given references in the drawing with the help of two tape measurement. It is always good to measure on the ground and if it's not possible, measure at minimum possible height and with the help of plumb bub, transfer the point on the ground for accuracy. Insert the peg/rebar at that point.

Step 2: Measure one of the adjacent side from that point and fix it. Measure the distance from reference point to the second point. If its not correct, shift the point so that the distance from first point and reference point match according to drawing. Fix the point permanently. ( One of the side of building is fixed) 

NEPAL ROAD STANDARD 2070 PDF

Download the Nepal Road Standard 2070 from the below link.
Here 

SITE CLEARANCE FOR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

Building Construction Ideas- Topic 1

( Welcome to the first article. For more, please visit the links at bottom of the page. ) 

What is Site Clearance ?

    Once the design, contract process and mobilisation are completed, the site where building is to be constructed should be cleared. Site clearance might include the clearance of rubbish, top soil, all trees, stumps, bushes, roots, down timber, rotten wood, rubbish, debris, humus, swamp material and any other vegetation or unacceptable material.

Clearance of Bushes and Grasses

All material removed by clearing and grubbing operation which is useful to the Employer shall be stockpiled in accordance with the requirements of the Employer. Unwanted material shall be removed from the Site and dumped on places after prior permission has been obtained.

TIPS TO ENGINEERS

Hi everyone !!
I hope most of you have finished your exam and vacation has started. Few tips I would like to give to all of you:

To first, second and third year students, 
- Give proper time in learning software like AutoCAD (most), GIS, SAP etc.
- Collect the syllabus of next semester and go through it
- Get some books from library and go thoroughly

To Final year Students
- Think about project idea ( be unique), you have time to think about it now which u will not get after vacation. I suggest to think about some problem solving projects which is different from traditional building, hydro power or road projects.
- Find out the electives and go through syllabus. Make a clear vision in choosing them. My suggestion would be to go as per your interest. GIS, EIA, RCC Bridge are my suggestions.
- Start learning SAP or STAAD ( Esp. building design through YouTube)

To Graduated Students ( Freshers) 
- Make a good CV. Include your works in college and final year project as your experience. ( If you haven't made yet, download a app named "Resume Builder" )
- Apply in the vacant post. Ramrojob, merojob or just google ..jobs for engineers in nepal. ( Don't worry about the experience mentioned, if its upto 5 years experience, APPLY TO THEM !!)
- Connect with seniors if they can find you any jobs
- If you are serious about "LOK SEWA" , don't think about job now. Your friend might start work (post on facebook) which might divert your mind. Be strong and control that emotion and believe in yourself. Go to Thapathali/Bhotahiti and bring the objective and subjective book of D Prasad and start by today. Prepare for 6 months and give your best. You have high chance of getting gov. job. You may fear with the number of students giving lok sewa but my experience says there is a good competition of around 2-3 hundred students only. So, just prepare well and give your best !!

After all we are near to our main festivals.. Enjoy your vacation. Enjoy wisely !!

Love and regards,
Ganesh 

MY JOUREY TO RISE

Till now I have never been out of home for this long. It has been a month, I am here in Nuwakot as a Site Engineer from Gaura Construction Pvt. Ltd. for the construction of Schools under Emergency School Reconstruction Project funded by JICA.

It is definitely one of my life's best experience. Being out of home for this long in a new place with different people and society is something I haven't planned at least for few years. I was happy with my previous job and some YouTube stuffs. But this time I thought of giving a new test to this fresh period of my engineering life. I was the only guy who didn't even stay hostel in class 10 and now the sudden change in mind of going to another district for unknown period, I sometime think, Why I took this decision ? Was it worth it ?

With the days passing, I am positive and really motivated in this work. Actually its Fun !! Its the best place to learn and practice what I learned in last four years. If I hadn't my own plans, I would be 100% satisfied with it. But I also have my owns goals which strike my head repeatedly and make me think of my decision. 

Nevertheless, I will give my best and showcase my skills here. I know I have my own plans and I also know how to achieve them. It's only the matter of few years. Till now I am satisfied with everything, let's see how long I can stay here. The day I think I should go, I will, because its the matter of satisfaction which is determined by different internal and external factors. 

Cheers !!

Love and regards,

Ganesh  

अन्तरमनका कुरा !!

अन्तरमनका कुरा !!

" नाई यार त्या नजाउं , त्या महङ्गाे हुन्छ ।। "

याे लाईन कयाै पटक एक अर्काबाट सुनिन्थ्याे , जब हामी कहि घुम्न निस्कन्थ्याैं । अलिकति सफा, सिसा रखिएकाे अनि बाहिरै पट्टि नै ठूला ठूला खानेकुराकाे फाेटाेहर राखिएकाे.. यस्ताे कतै देखियाे भने खासै छिर्न हिम्मत हुदैनथ्याे । म सम्झन्छु यस्ता कयाै क्षण जव एउटा हाेटल खाेज्न..१५ -२० मिनेट भाैतारीन्थ्याै..अझ भन्दा लाेकह हाेटल जहां माेमाे चाउमिन..चिया नास्ता ..यिनै मात्र पाईन्छ ।

NETWORK ARCH BRIDGE IN KATHMANDU

गाडि माथिबाट जाने हाे ?


गाडि माथिबाट जाने रेछ है ?
ए हाेईन । तल बाट नै हाे । (माईक्राेकाे अग्गीलाे सिटमा बसेका थियाैं । ) उ.. त्या हेर्नुस् त.. स्याल्व ढलान भईसक्याे ।
ए तलै बाट पाे हाे । अनि त्याे माथि के बनाईरहेकाे हाे त ?
त्याे चाही गाडिकाे लाेडहरु थाम्ने बनाउन लागेकाे । याे नयां तरिकाकाे पुल हाे । नेपाल मै पहिलाे पटक बन्न लागेकाे ।
गाडिकाे लाेड त विचमा भएकाे खम्वाले धानी हाल्छनी.. हाेईन र ?
हाे त्याे खम्वा चाही याे पुलमा हुदैन । त्यही भएर यस्ताे बनाउन लागेकाे । त्याे गाेलाे अाकारकाे छ नि ..त्यसलाई ARCH विम भनिन्छ ।
अनि त्यत्राे डण्डिहरु हाल्नु पर्छ र ?
परि हाल्छ नि.. पुलमा त साना देखी ठूला मालवाहाक ट्रक सम्म चल्छन्  । त्याे सबैकाे लाेड थाम्नु पर्छ नि त । अनि फेरी याे त पचासाैं वर्षसम्म टिकाउनु पर्छ । भुईचालाे पनि थाम्नु पर्याे। डिजाइन अनुसार हुन्छ सबै ।
त्यसाे भए यस्ताे अरु ठाउंमा नि बन्ला नि त ?
हाे हाे । त्यस्कै अर्काे साईडमा नि यस्तै बन्छ । अनि अर्काे एक ठाउमा नि बन्छ । तिनकुने हाेला साायद । जम्मा चार वटा यस्ताे पुल बन्न लागेकाे छ । याे बनेपछि अरु वनाउन त्यति टाइम लाग्दैन ।
ए ए ।। वावुलाई सबै थाहा रे छ त ?
हेहे.. म ईन्जीनियर हुं दाई ।।
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