LAYOUT (SETTING OUT) OF BUILDING

Building Construction Ideas- Topic 2

( Welcome to the second article. For more, please visit the links at bottom of this article. ) 

After clearing the site as mentioned in previous article (site clearance) centre lines should be fixed and install substantial reference marks, benchmarks etc. and maintain them as long as required true to line, curve, slopes and level. Engineers should give proper alignment, elevation and dimension of each and all parts of the work.

Basic Process of Layout

Step 1: Find a centre point of a corner or centre of column by the given references in the drawing with the help of two tape measurement. It is always good to measure on the ground and if it's not possible, measure at minimum possible height and with the help of plumb bub, transfer the point on the ground for accuracy. Insert the peg/rebar at that point.

Step 2: Measure one of the adjacent side from that point and fix it. Measure the distance from reference point to the second point. If its not correct, shift the point so that the distance from first point and reference point match according to drawing. Fix the point permanently. ( One of the side of building is fixed) 

Step 3: Measure another side of the building from the first point and fix a point 3. The line may not be perpendicular, check it by using 3-4-5 rule at point 1. Measure the diagonal length from point 2 to point 3 to recheck it. Finally fix the point 3.

Step 4: Similarly fix the point 4. All the centre lines of the outer grid of the building is obtained. 

Step 5: Tie the rope in all the points.

Step 6: Make offset of the outer lines for the inner grids in both direction and fix the pegs in every points.

Step 7: Make offset of the those grids for the foundation excavation with the help of dimension from trench plan.

Step 8: Mark the trench dimension with the help of powder, Chun, colour, 'Pitho' etc.

Step 9: Offset the peg/rebar out of the grid line so that it will be out of trench to be excavated and fix them permanently for the future reference and re-layout. Jam them with concrete. 

Step 10: Start the excavation.

Note: This is the basic process of layout for small building complex. For buiding with large area other methods like Total Station Method, GPS Method etc. are used.

Thanks for reading this article. For the complete idea of building construction please see other articles of this series.. )

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